Koi breeding is hard if what you aim for is to make high-quality fish for competition reasons. Before you can obtain a prize-winning koi fish, you will need to cull and discard several thousand fry. The koi breeding process is long and difficult but it is all worth it.
Picking the Parents
Select the male and female from the same variety you want to reproduce. If you wish to cross-breed, choose varieties carefully and study more on the sort of offspring you're likely to get. Keep in mind that the dominant genes are those from the male parent.
Be sure to use only adult fish for breeding applications. The appropriate breeding age of the female is from 5 years onwards as their eggs are larger and much more fertile. Watch out for breeding females younger than 4 years old as your koi might lose their colors and patterns if bred at a young age. The female koi is ready to spawn if you observe it sucking at the sides of the pond, aiming to clear a place where she can deposit her eggs.
Male koi can begin spawning upon reaching the age of two as soon as small white nodules appear on the pectoral fins as well as on the gill plates. You can actually feel those areas to be rougher than usual. You can make use of the younger males every two weeks but give a longer time interval for older males to make best use of their fertility potential.
Spawning
Koi will normally spawn in the early summer months. If you allow that to happen, however, the eggs will only be consumed by the other fish while the females get more stressed. The net outcome will be offspring of bad quality. Besides, a pond packed with eggs will harbor harmful bacteria that will adversely affect the well-being of your koi population.
If you are serious in koi breeding, you will have to use a controlled approach. Put the koi brooders in a different pond and make sure to hang spawning media from the sides of the pond. The female will have them to deposit her eggs which can be somewhere between 100,000 to 500,000 depending on her weight. You can use ropes, artificial grasses, natural plants, vegetable sacking, or cloth strips as spawning materials.
During courtship, the male pursues the female and forces her against the walls of the pond to initiate spawning. If there are two or even three males in the pond, they will crowd on her to simultaneously fertilize the eggs.
You will find out that the Koi have spawned when there is foam on the water surface and the distinct scent of ammonia. By that time, you will need to move the female to a different pond where she can recover her strength. Remove the males too; or else, they may feed on the eggs.
Culling
The fry will break out of their eggshells in 5 to 7 days. They will keep on growing and you can start culling on the sixth week. Remove the baby koi with deformities such as lacking fins, deformed mouths, colorless, or single color.
Culling is essential in koi breeding. You need to reduce the numbers so the good quality fry can reach a reasonable size by the end of the season. If you don't cull, the unwanted koi will still compete with the good koi for food as well as space. Culled fry are normally destroyed or fed to the other fish.
You can release your selected young koi in a mud pond that is very rich in organic food. As they grow bigger, you can continue the selection process until you get only the perfect koi that you would like to keep or sell.
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