Great job on taking the plunge and renting or buying a 4x4 for an amazing offroading adventure!
As a novice to the wonderful world of 4 wheel drive, you'll fall in to one of two camps - those that think that they know it all already, and those who are totally terrified and possess no idea how to deal with 'their' 4x4 safely, not to mention get the best performance out of it!
This post is for you, no matter what side you fall; never be too arrogant or too petrified to learn, for your benefit and the sake of your passengers and fellow recreationalists.
Speed & Velocity
If you hit a place of trouble Don't accelerate - it may land you in to a worse situation. Slow down and go slower - this will help you to keep traction and your tires will perform for you as opposed to spinning uselessly. When you approach an obstacle, you need momentum. The technique is to start a little ways back in order to gain the speed you require. This is a skill which you will learn after a while.
Limits
Do not try difficult obstacles when you're out alone. Test your limits when you are with more experienced wheelers. If you choose to go out alone, make certain you are really nicely equipped, including owning a winch with a nice winch rope that won't fail.
Mud
Use a stick to analyze a new mud hole for depth and softness. Bear in mind a soft mud pit can prove to be impossible to escape! Go into the mud pit with a bit of momentum and when you feel that you are getting stuck turn the wheel right to left in order to gain a better grip. Once you have gone as far forward as you can try to reverse out.
Glass
Always keep the windows rolled up to avoid a mud bath or a face full of dust.
Stuck
If you're genuinely stuck, let a little air out of the tires for better footing and when you get out of the ditch, do not forget to air them back up.
Stalling
If your engine stalls with your tailpipe under the water, get pulled out and pull the spark plugs, turn over the engine, and reinstall the spark plugs, before starting the motor again. A cylinder filled of water could destroy the engine.
Obstacles
Move slowly over obstacles. If needed, apply the parking brake a tad for tension on the drive shaft to slow the automobile and enable you to accelerate carefully over the obstacle. If the vehicle possesses 4low, employ it. Also, be prepared to take a winch cable if the obstacle is particularly hard to defeat.
Steering
Always grip the steering wheel with thumbs out whenever you're off-road. If you hit a ditch or obstacle the wheel may spin too quickly and hurt your fingers. Keeping them out helps to prevent injury. Keep all hands and arms inside the vehicle in order to avoid accidents.
Tools & Spares
Retain the following with you:
A hi-lift jack
Steel line
Spare tires and plug kit
Safety
Wear a safety belt
Do not journey alone
Have a mobile on you
Don't consume alcohol when driving
Get back on the road before dark
Give fellow four wheel drive drivers on the path plenty of room
Make sure to handle winch ropes carefully so you don't receive metal slivers or have a cable malfunction
Respect
Respect the land, the other persons using the trail and the land owners.
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